Röð uppréttra loftmynda úr loftmyndasafni Náttúrufræðistofnunar sem unnar voru á árunum 2013 til 2018 hjá Jarðvísindastofnun HÍ, sem partur af tveimur verkefnum: 1 - Mælingar á jöklabreytingum úr sögulegum loftmyndum. Þetta verkefni var unnið af Joaquín M.C. Belart í M.Sc. og Ph.D. hjá Jarðvísindastofnun. Útvaldar loftmyndir frá 1945 til 1994 voru skannaðar hjá Landmælingum Íslands sérstaklega fyrir þetta verkefni. Vinnsla þessara loftmynda fór fram með því að nota "Ground Control Points" (GCP) sem teknir voru úr lidarmælingum á íslenskum jöklum. Úrvinnsla gagna úr Drangajökli fór fram með ERDAS hugbúnaðinum. Nánari upplýsingar um vinnsluna er að finna í Magnússon o.fl., 2016 (https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/10/159/2016/tc-10-159-2016.html). Úrvinnsla gagna frá öðrum jöklum var unnin með MicMac hugbúnaðinum, einnig með GCP teknir af lidar. Nánari upplýsingar um vinnsluna eru fáanlegar í Belart o.fl., 2019 (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/geodetic-mass-balance-of-eyjafjallajokull-ice-cap -for-19452014-processing-guidelines-and-relation-to-climate/9B715A9E0413A6345C2B151B1173E71D) og Belart o.fl., 2020 (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.31630/feart/full.316390/feart. 2 - Mælingar á hraunmagni Heklugosanna á 20. öld. Þetta verkefni var unnið af Gro B.M. Pedersen sem hluti af verkefni þar sem unnið var að umhverfiskortlagningu og vöktun Íslands með fjarkönnun "Environmental Mapping and Monitoring of Iceland by Remote Sensing" (EMMIRS, fjármagnað af Rannís) á árunum 2015-2018. Loftmyndirnar af Heklu frá 1945 til 1992 voru skannaðar af Landmælingum Íslands. Vinnsla þessara mynda var gerð með ERDAS hugbúnaðinum og nánari upplýsingar um vinnsluna er hægt að nálgast í Pedersen o.fl., 2018 (https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL076887) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A series of orthomosaics using the archives of aerial photographs from Náttúrufræðistofnun (Loftmyndasafn) created between 2013 and 2018 at the Institute of Earth Sciences, as part of two projects: 1 - Measurements of glacier changes from historical aerial photographs. This project was conducted by Joaquín M.C. Belart during his M.Sc. and his Ph.D. at the Institute of Earth Sciences. A selection of aerial photographs from 1945 to 1994 were scanned at Náttúrufræðistofnun specifically for this project. The processing of these aerial photographs was done using Ground Control Points (GCPs) extracted from lidar surveys of Icelandic glaciers. The processing of the data from Drangajökull ice cap was done using the ERDAS software. Further details on the processing are available in Magnússon et al., 2016 (https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/10/159/2016/tc-10-159-2016.html). The processing of the data from other glaciers was done using the MicMac software, also with GCPs extracted from lidar. Further details of the processing are available in Belart et al., 2019 (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/geodetic-mass-balance-of-eyjafjallajokull-ice-cap-for-19452014-processing-guidelines-and-relation-to-climate/9B715A9E0413A6345C2B151B1173E71D) and Belart et al., 2020 (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.00163/full) 2 - Measurements of the lava volumes of the Hekla eruptions in the 20th century. This project was conducted by Gro B.M. Pedersen as part of the Environmental Mapping and Monitoring of Iceland by Remote Sensing (EMMIRS, financed by Rannís) project between 2015-2018. The aerial photographs of Hekla from 1945 to 1992 were scanned by Náttúrufræðistofnun. The processing of these photographs was done using the ERDAS software, and further details of the processing are available in Pedersen et al., 2018 (https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017GL076887) References: Belart J.M.C., Magnússon E., Berthier E., Pálsson, F., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., & Jóhannesson, T. (2019). The geodetic mass balance of Eyjafjallajökull ice cap for 1945–2014: Processing guidelines and relation to climate. Journal of Glaciology, 65(251), 395-409. doi:10.1017/jog.2019.16 Belart J.M.C., Magnússon E., Berthier E., Gunnlaugsson Á.Þ., Pálsson F., Aðalgeirsdóttir G., Jóhannesson T, Thorsteinsson T and Björnsson H (2020) Mass Balance of 14 Icelandic Glaciers, 1945–2017: Spatial Variations and Links With Climate. Front. Earth Sci. 8:163. doi: 10.3389/feart.2020.00163 Magnússon, E., Belart, J.M.C., Pálsson, F., Ágústsson, H., and Crochet, P.: Geodetic mass balance record with rigorous uncertainty estimates deduced from aerial photographs and lidar data – Case study from Drangajökull ice cap, NW Iceland, The Cryosphere, 10, 159–177, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-159-2016, 2016. Pedersen, G. B. M., Belart, J. M. C., Magnússon, E., Vilmundardóttir, O. K., Kizel, F., Sigurmundsson, F. S., et al. (2018). Hekla volcano, Iceland, in the 20th century: Lava volumes, production rates, and effusion rates. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 1805–1813. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076887

[IS] Veðurstofa Íslands geymir gögn um sprungusvæði fyrir 24 íslenska jökla. Kortlagning sprungusvæða er að mestu leyti byggð á gervihnattamyndum og loftmyndum teknum síðsumars og fram á haust þegar snjóþekja er minni. Hæðarlíkön, sigkatlar í yfirborði jökla og þekktar ferðaleiðir og leiðarferlar eru einnig hafðir til hliðsjónar. Notaðar eru útlínur jökla haustið 2025 og jökulsker eru einnig sýnd. Um er að ræða vektorgögn og kortin sýna 3 flokka af sprungusvæðum: 1. lítið sprunginn jökull, 2. mjög sprunginn jökull, 3. breiðar sprungur og mjög hættuleg svæði, og staðsetningu þeirra. Gögnin eru uppfærð á nokkurra ára festi, núverandi útgáfa er frá árinu 2025. Tekið er á móti upplýsingum um nýjar sprungur á netfanginu jokulsprungur@vedur.is Sprungukortin eru ætluð aðeins til hliðsjónar fyrir jöklaferðalanga en ábyrgð liggur ætíð í höndum þeirra sem ferðast á jökli, en aðstæður geta breyst fyrirvaralaust. Gögn: Loftmyndir frá Náttúrufræðistofnun og Loftmyndum ehf., SPOT 5 gervitunglamyndir (2002−2008), LIDAR hæðarlíkön (2008−2012), Pléiades gervitunglamyndir (2021−2025), Sentinel-2A gervitunglamyndir (2025), og skámyndir úr flugi frá sumri og hausti 2010−2012. Nánari upplýsingar: https://safetravel.is/outdoors/crevasse-maps/ [EN] The Icelandic Meteorological Office hosts a data set on glacier crevasse areas of 24 Icelandic glaciers. The crevasse area mapping is based on satellite and aerial imagery of late summer and fall when the glaciers have least amount of snow cover. DEMs, glacier cauldrons and known travel tracks are also used as reference. The glacier outlines of 2025 are used, and nunataks are also shown. The vector file shows glacier areas that fall into three different categories of crevassed areas: 1. areas with small crevasses, 2. very crevassed areas, 3. wide crevasses and very dangerous areas. The data set is updated every other year approximately and the current version is from the year 2025. Information about new crevasses can be forwarded to the following email: jokulsprungur@vedur.is. The crevasse maps are intended as guidelines for glacier travels, conditions can change fast, travel at own risk. Data: Aerial images from the Natural Science Institute of Iceland, Loftmyndir ehf, SPOT 5 satellite images (2002−2008), LIDAR DEMs (2008−2012), Pléiades satellite images (2021−2025), Sentinel-2A satellite images(2025), and oblique photographs from aerial surveys in the summers and fall of 2010−2012. Further information: https://safetravel.is/outdoors/crevasse-maps/